Biochemical and physiological responses of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to nickel toxicity

Nickel (Ni) was the latest element to have its nutritional essentiality recognized for plants (Brown et al. 1987). It is a component of various enzymes, including glyoxalases (family I), hydrogenases, superoxide dismutase and urease (Chen 2009). Inadequate Ni supply promotes changes in plant metabolism, processes related nitrogen such as amino acids, urea ureides metabolisms (Rodríguez-Jiménez 2016; Bai 2006). Legumes that are dependent on N2 fixation (e.g., soybean) their process impaired by deficiency, because this an essential catalytic cofactor [NiFe]-hydrogenase, enzyme found some symbiotic bacteria recycles H2 produced side reaction nitrogenase root nodules formed plant-bacteria association (Cammack 1995; Bagyinka 2014). Moreover, has shown potential control soybean diseases, powdery mildew (Barcelos 2018) Asian rust (Einhardt 2020a; 2020b).